2006, Vol.13, pp.23-28

Initial principles Carnot's theory of heat engines are discussed. The interpretation of kay notions of this theory and the boundaries of the description of nonequilibrium to wit real processes in classical thermodynamics based on energy conservation law on exact data Joule's calorimetry are refinement. The causes and the conditions of the irreversibility when thermodynamically description of the nonequilibrium intensive processes, which lead to entropy increment of real systems, are analyzed. The consistency and more completeness of the description of such nonequilibrium processes is given in the frame of deterministic of energy and entropy conservation laws in quantum thermodynamics. Characteristic for its principle in the form of self-oscillatory quantization is grounded on the unattanaibility of local thermodynamicequilibrium (LTE) in nonequilibrium systems owing to of difference rates of thermodynamic effects of intensive heat processes in real systems are allowed for the refinement of their actual local temperature.
Key words: Carnot's theory, heat processes

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